Inspirations to this report

The following group is comprised of leading educators and social scientists who made their mark upon 20th century understanding of human psycho-social development, and to whom this project owes a profound debt.

Erik Homburger Erikson was a Professor of Human Development at Harvard University for many years, and inspired a generation of psychologists to study psycho-social development throughout the entire lifetime of an individual, not simply in childhood.

Victor E. Frankl was a concentration camp survivor and psychiatrist who went on to write Man's Search For Meaning.

Howard Gardner is a Professor of Education at the Harvard University Graduate School of Education, most notable for his proposal that there exist eight domains of intelligence, the potential of which is never fulfilled. He is also known for his study of extraordinarily accomplished individuals.

Victor and Mildred Goertzel were practising Californian State Psychiatrists who studied the biographies of several hundred eminent individuals.

Michael J. A. Howe is a Professor of Cognitive Psychology at Exeter University and is specialist in the study of exceptional abilities. He is world-renowned for advocating that even expert levels of achievement reflect intensity and duration of practice and an appropriate learning environment, much more than they reflect inherited abilities.

Abraham H. Maslow was famous in the 1960s for developing his concepts of self-actualisation and meta-needs which now inspire 21st century psychology.

Anne Roe interviewed and tested 64 internationally eminent social, physical and life research scientists, many of whom were Nobel Prize winners, so as to write The Making of a Scientist.

Dean Keith Simonton is Professor of Psychology at the University of California at Davis and has conducted unparalleled meta-analyses of eminent individuals, so as to determine the trans-historical universals of human behaviour and eminent achievement.

Robert J. Sternberg holds the IBM Chair in Psychology and Education at Yale University. He is a specialist in the nature of various intelligences and exceptional achievements.

Robin Skynner is a British psychiatrist particularly noted for his studies of exceptionally good mental health and good corporate functioning, and for co-authoring Life and How to Survive it, with the actor John Cleese.

Lewis M. Terman was the Stanford University Professor who conducted a 40 year longitudinal study of 1,500 Californian boys and girls who, as children, had been identified as possessing IQs in the top 1% of their generation.

George E. Vaillant is a Professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard University Medical School and Director of the Study of Adult Development, which includes a 35 year longitudinal study of 98 Harvard alumni, one of whom was JF Kennedy, who had been selected when Sophomores in 1939-42 for their relatively good bio-psycho-social health and their likelihood of leading 'successful' adult lives.

Donald J. West is an Emeritus Professor at the Cambridge University Institute of Criminology of which he is a former director. He founded the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development, a 30 year study of 400 individuals.

Bibliography

There have also been some excellent books which have proven most helpful in highlighting many of the ideas contained within the younglives report.

Ball, A. (1999) American Beauty. New York: New Market Press.

Cox, C. (1926) Genetic Studies of Genius: The Early Mental Traits of Three Hundred Geniuses (Vol. 2). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

de La Billiere, P. (1995) Looking for Trouble. London: Harper Collins.

Branson, R. (1998) Losing My Virginity. London: Virgin Publishing.

Covey, S. (1998) The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens. NY: Simon & Schuster.

Covey, S.R. (1992) The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. NY: Simon & Schuster.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996) Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. NY: Harper Collins.

Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K. and Whalen, K. (1993) Talented Teenagers: The Roots of Success and Failure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

de Bono, E. (1991) Tactics: The Art and Science of Success. London: HarperCollinsPublishers

Erikson, E.H. (1959) 'Identity and the life cycle'. Psychological Issues, 1: 50-100. (revised edition) New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

Frankl, V. (1985) Man's Search for Meaning. Washington DC: Washington Square Press.

Gardner, H. (1993) Frames of Mind (2nd edition). London: Fontana Press.

Gardner, H. (1997) Extraordinary Minds: Portraits of Exceptional Individuals and an examination of our extraordinariness. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Gardner, H. (1997) Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership. London: HarperCollinsPublishers.

Goertzel, V. and Goertzel, M.G. (1962) Cradles of Eminence. Boston, MA: Little Brown.

Goertzel, M., Goertzel, V., & Goertzel, T. (1978) Three Hundred Eminent Personalities. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Goleman, D. (1996) Emotional Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury.

Harrington, C.C. and Boardman, S.K. (1997) Paths to Success: Beating the Odds in American Society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Howe, M. (1990) The Origins of Exceptional Abilities. Oxford: Blackwell.

Howe, M. (1990) The Development of Exceptional Abilities and Talents. Leicester: British Psychological Society.

Howe, M. (1997) IQ in Question: The Truth about Intelligence. London: Routledge.

Lewis, M. (1996) Reflections on Success. London: Leonard.

Maslow, A.H. (1971) The Farthest Reaches of Human Nature. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin

McGraw, P.C. (1999) Life Strategies: Doing What Works, Doing What Matters. NY: Hyperion.

Mulligan, E. (1999) Life Coaching. London: Piatkus.

Oden, M.H. (1968) 'The fulfillment of promise: 40 year follow-up of the Terman gifted group'. Genetic Psychology Monograph, 77:3-93.

Orlick, T. (1990) In Pursuit of Excellence. Illinois, USA: Leisure Press.

Persaud, R. (1998) Staying Sane. London: Metro Books.

Peters, T.J. and Waterman, R.H. (1982) In Search of Excellance. NY: Harper and Row.

Roe, A. (1952) The Making of a Scientist. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead.

Simonton, D.K. (1994) Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. London: The Guilford Press.

Skynner, R. and Cleese, J. (1993) Life and How to Survive It. London: Methuen.

Steiner, R. (1998) My First Break: How Entrepreneurs Get Started. London: News International plc.

Sternberg, R.J. (1997) Successful Intelligence. NY: Plume.

Storr, A. (1988) The School of Genius. London: André Deutsch.

Terman, L. (1925) Genetic Studies of Genius: Mental and Physical Traits of One Thousand Gifted Children. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Vaillant, G. E. (1977) Adaptation to Life. Boston: Little, Brown.

Valliant, G.E. (1993) The Wisdom of the Ego. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Valliant, G.E. (1995) Adaptation to Life (New Edition). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Claudia Terstappen for the photo of Sir Bernard Cohen

Jerry Bauer for the photo of Bill Bryson